Object

In technical terms, an Object is an instance of a GOOL executable. From the player's point of view, it is an in-game entity with specific appearance, behavior, location, state, and a variety of other characteristics. For each frame, or approximately every 1/60th of a second of gameplay, an object's executable bytecode is interpreted by the GOOL interpreter. This bytecode instructs the interpreter to perform a specific sequence of operations that will ultimately render the object according to its changing characteristics. As a result, the player observes a lively, animated, and interactive enemy, box, collectible item, or whatever other kind of in-game object it may be.

General

When the game wishes to create an object, it first specifies a source GOOL executable, and an object is created as an instance of that executable-much like how a process is created in relation to its source executable in an operating system. Probably the most important part of a GOOL executable is its compiled GOOL bytecode; the compiled GOOL bytecode of an executable that any given object is an instance of-or more simply the bytecode for that object-will be 'interpreted' by the GOOL bytecode interpreter routine. The GOOL bytecode interpreter routine will then operate according to the instructions it sees in the bytecode for that object.

Format

Crash 1

All objects in Crash 1, with the exception of the player object, are 604 (0x25C) bytes in size. The player object, 860 (0x35C) bytes in size, includes an additional 0x100 bytes of object memory to account for the higher number of activation records and local 'registers' created by its lengthier, more complex code.

Free and Existing Objects

Free Objects have a header value of 0. They are placed into a 'free object pool' until the game requests to create or spawn them into existence.

Existing Objects have a header value of 1. They are the actual objects 'in use' by the game and are created or spawned into existence from a free object.

Both variations have the following format:

Offset	Field	Size	Value
0x0	Header	4 bytes	!=2
0x4	Process Type	4 bytes	*
0x8	Bounding Box x1	4 bytes	*
0xC	Bounding Box y1	4 bytes	*
0x10	Bounding Box z1	4 bytes	*
0x14	Bounding Box x2	4 bytes	*
0x18	Bounding Box y2	4 bytes	*
0x1C	Bounding Box z2	4 bytes	*
0x20	Source GOOL Executable	4 bytes	*
0x24	External GOOL Executable	4 bytes	*
0x28	Parent Zone	4 bytes	*
0x2C	State	4 bytes	*
0x30	Light Source Matrix L11	2 bytes	*
0x32	Light Source Matrix L12	2 bytes	*
0x34	Light Source Matrix L13	2 bytes	*
0x36	Light Source Matrix L21	2 bytes	*
0x38	Light Source Matrix L22	2 bytes	*
0x3A	Light Source Matrix L23	2 bytes	*
0x3C	Light Source Matrix L31	2 bytes	*
0x3E	Light Source Matrix L32	2 bytes	*
0x40	Light Source Matrix L33	2 bytes	*
0x42	Background Color R	2 bytes	*
0x44	Background Color G	2 bytes	*
0x46	Background Color B	2 bytes	*
0x48	Diffuse Color LR1	2 bytes	*
0x4A	Diffuse Color LG1	2 bytes	*
0x4C	Diffuse Color LB1	2 bytes	*
0x4E	Diffuse Color LR2	2 bytes	*
0x50	Diffuse Color LG2	2 bytes	*
0x52	Diffuse Color LB2	2 bytes	*
0x54	Diffuse Color LR3	2 bytes	*
0x56	Diffuse Color LG3	2 bytes	*
0x58	Diffuse Color LB3	2 bytes	*
0x5A	Ambient Color R	2 bytes	*
0x5C	Ambient Color G	2 bytes	*
0x5E	Ambient Color B	2 bytes	*
0x60	Self Link	4 bytes	this
0x64	Parent	4 bytes	*
0x68	Sibling	4 bytes	*
0x6C	Children (head child)	4 bytes	*
0x70	Creator	4 bytes	*
0x74	Player	4 bytes	*
0x78	Collider	4 bytes	*
0x7C	Interrupter	4 bytes	*
0x80	Trans x	4 bytes	*
0x84	Trans y	4 bytes	*
0x88	Trans z	4 bytes	*
0x8C	Rotation y	4 bytes	*
0x90	Rotation x	4 bytes	*
0x94	Rotation z	4 bytes	*
0x98	Scale x	4 bytes	*
0x9C	Scale y	4 bytes	*
0xA0	Scale z	4 bytes	*
0xA4	Velocity x	4 bytes	*
0xA8	Velocity y	4 bytes	*
0xAC	Velocity z	4 bytes	*
0xB0	Target Rotation y	4 bytes	*
0xB4	Target Rotation x	4 bytes	*
0xB8	Target Rotation z	4 bytes	*
0xBC	Mode Flags A or Angular Velocity y	4 bytes	*
0xC0	Mode Flags B or Angular Velocity x	4 bytes	*
0xC4	Mode Flags C or Angular Velocity z	4 bytes	*
0xC8	Status Flags A	4 bytes	*
0xCC	Status Flags B	4 bytes	*
0xD0	Status Flags C	4 bytes	*
0xD4	Subtype/Initial State	4 bytes	*
0xD8	ID	4 bytes	*
0xDC	Stack Pointer	4 bytes	*
0xE0	Program Counter (ins. pointer)	4 bytes	*
0xE4	Frame Pointer	4 bytes	*
0xE8	Trans Block Program Counter	4 bytes	*
0xEC	Event Block Program Counter	4 bytes	*
0xF0	Head Block Program Counter	4 bytes	*
0xF4	Various	4 bytes	*
0xF8	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0xFC	Frame Change Timestamp	4 bytes	*
0x100	State Change Timestamp	4 bytes	*
0x104	Animation Lag Counter	4 bytes	*
0x108	Animation Sequence	4 bytes	*
0x10C	Animation Frame	4 bytes	*
0x110	Entity Spawned From	4 bytes	*
0x114	Path Progress	4 bytes	*
0x118	Path Length (point count)	4 bytes	*
0x11C	Ground y	4 bytes	*
0x120	State Flags	4 bytes	*
0x124	Speed	4 bytes	*
0x128	Display Mode	4 bytes	*
0x12C	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x130	Timestamp of Most Recent Landing	4 bytes	*
0x134	Velocity y at Most Recent Landing	4 bytes	*
0x138	Z-Index	4 bytes	*
0x13C	Event Received	4 bytes	*
0x140	Camera Zoom Factor	4 bytes	*
0x144	Target Rotation Angle YZ plane	4 bytes	*
0x148	Collision Hot-Spot Clip Amount	4 bytes	*
0x14C	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x150	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x154	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x158	Collision Node	4 bytes	*
0x15C	Object Memory	64 x 4 bytes	*

Crash 2

All objects in Crash 2, with the exception of the player object, are 572 (0x23C) bytes in size. The player object, 828 (0x33C) bytes in size, includes an additional 0x100 bytes of object memory to account for the higher number of activation records and local 'registers' created by its lengthier, more complex code.

Free and Existing Objects

Free Objects have a header value of 0. They are placed into a 'free object pool' until the game requests to create or spawn them into existence.

Existing Objects have a header value of 1. They are the actual objects 'in use' by the game and are created or spawned into existence from a free object.

Both variations have the following format:

Offset	Field	Size	Value
0x0	Header	4 bytes	!=2
0x4	Process Type	4 bytes	*
0x8	Current Animation Entry	4 bytes	*
0xC	Source GOOL Executable	4 bytes	*
0x10	Main GOOL Executable	4 bytes	*
0x14	External GOOL Executable	4 bytes	*
0x18	Parent Zone	4 bytes	*
0x1C	State	4 bytes	*
0x20	Color Modifier 1	2 bytes	*
0x22	Color Modifier 2	2 bytes	*
0x24	Color Modifier 3	2 bytes	*
0x26	Color Modifier 4	2 bytes	*
0x28	Color Matrix LR1	2 bytes	*
0x2A	Color Matrix LG1	2 bytes	*
0x2C	Color Matrix LB1	2 bytes	*
0x2E	Color Matrix LR2	2 bytes	*
0x30	Color Matrix LG2	2 bytes	*
0x32	Color Matrix LB2	2 bytes	*
0x34	Color Matrix LR3	2 bytes	*
0x36	Color Matrix LG3	2 bytes	*
0x38	Color Matrix LB3	2 bytes	*
0x3A	Color Vector AR	2 bytes	*
0x3C	Color Vector AG	2 bytes	*
0x3E	Color Vector AB	2 bytes	*
0x40	Self Link	4 bytes	this
0x44	Parent	4 bytes	*
0x48	Sibling	4 bytes	*
0x4C	Children (head child)	4 bytes	*
0x50	Creator	4 bytes	*
0x54	Player	4 bytes	*
0x58	Collider	4 bytes	*
0x5C	Interrupter	4 bytes	*
0x60	Trans X	4 bytes	*
0x64	Trans Y	4 bytes	*
0x68	Trans Z	4 bytes	*
0x6C	Rotation X	4 bytes	*
0x70	Rotation Y	4 bytes	*
0x74	Rotation Z	4 bytes	*
0x78	Scale X	4 bytes	*
0x7C	Scale Y	4 bytes	*
0x80	Scale Z	4 bytes	*
0x84	Velocity X	4 bytes	*
0x88	Velocity Y	4 bytes	*
0x8C	Velocity Z	4 bytes	*
0x90	Target Rotation X	4 bytes	*
0x94	Target Rotation Y	4 bytes	*
0x98	Target Rotation Z	4 bytes	*
0x9C	Multi-Purpose Vector X	4 bytes	*
0xA0	Multi-Purpose Vector Y	4 bytes	*
0xA4	Multi-Purpose Vector Z	4 bytes	*
0xA8	Status Flags A	4 bytes	*
0xAC	Status Flags B	4 bytes	*
0xB0	Status Flags C	4 bytes	*
0xB4	Subtype/Initial State	4 bytes	*
0xB8	ID	4 bytes	*
0xBC	Stack Pointer	4 bytes	*
0xC0	Program Counter (ins. pointer)	4 bytes	*
0xC4	Frame Pointer	4 bytes	*
0xC8	Trans Block Program Counter	4 bytes	*
0xCC	Event Block Program Counter	4 bytes	*
0xD0	Head Block Program Counter	4 bytes	*
0xD4	Various	4 bytes	*
0xD8	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0xDC	Frame Change Timestamp	4 bytes	*
0xE0	State Change Timestamp	4 bytes	*
0xE4	Animation Lag Counter	4 bytes	*
0xE8	Animation Sequence	4 bytes	*
0xEC	Animation Frame	4 bytes	*
0xF0	Entity Spawned From	4 bytes	*
0xF4	Path Progress	4 bytes	*
0xF8	Path Length (point count)	4 bytes	*
0xFC	Ground y	4 bytes	*
0x100	State Flags	4 bytes	*
0x104	Speed	4 bytes	*
0x108	Display Mode	4 bytes	*
0x10C	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x110	Timestamp of Most Recent Landing	4 bytes	*
0x114	Velocity y at Most Recent Landing	4 bytes	*
0x118	Z-Index	4 bytes	*
0x11C	Event Received	4 bytes	*
0x120	Camera Zoom Factor	4 bytes	*
0x124	Target Rotation Angle YZ plane	4 bytes	*
0x128	Collision Hot-Spot Clip Amount	4 bytes	*
0x12C	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x130	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x134	Unknown	4 bytes	*
0x138	Collision Node	4 bytes	*
0x13C	Object Memory	64 x 4 bytes	*

List Handle Objects

List Handle Objects have a header value of 2. They are not actual objects and instead used only to point to the head object in a list of (children) objects. For this reason their structure contains only 2 fields: the object header and a pointer to the list head object.

Offset	Field	Size	Value
0x0	Header	4 bytes	2
0x4	Head Object of List	4 bytes	*

Structure

Crash 1

struct object;
struct dbllink
{
  object *prev;
  object *next;
  unsigned long unk_8;
};

struct object
{
  unsigned long header;
  union
  {
    unsigned long proctype;
    object *listchildren;
  };
  struct bound bound;
  entry *local;
  entry *external;
  entry *zone;
  unsigned long state;
  
  union { struct slightmatrix colors;
  struct slightmatrix lightmatrix; };
  struct scolor color;
  struct scolormatrix colormatrix;
  struct scolor intensity;
  
  object *self;
  object *parent;
  object *sibling;
  object *children;
  object *creator;
  object *player;
  object *collider;
  object *interrupter;
  
  union { struct vector vectors;
  struct vector trans; };
  struct angle rot;        
  struct vector scale;     
  union
  {
    struct vector velocity;
    struct dbllink link;
  };
  struct angle targetrot;  
  union
  {  
    struct angle angvelocity;     
    struct
    {
      unsigned long modeflagsa;
      unsigned long modeflagsb;
      unsigned long modeflagsc;
    };
  };
  
  unsigned long statusa;       
  unsigned long statusb;       
  unsigned long statusc;       
  unsigned long subtype;         
  unsigned long id;           
  unsigned long *sp;    
  unsigned long *pc;    
  unsigned long *fp;    
  unsigned long *pctrans;
  unsigned long *pcevent;
  unsigned long *pchead;
  union
  {
    unsigned long misc_flag;
    object *misc_child;
    entry *misc_entry;
    unsigned long misc_memcard;
  };
  unsigned long unk_F8;
  unsigned long stampanim;
  unsigned long stampstate;
  unsigned long animcounter;
  unsigned long *animseq;
  unsigned long animframe;
  
  unsigned char *entity;
  signed long pathprogress;
  unsigned long pathcount;
  signed long groundy;
  unsigned long stateflags;
  signed long speed;
  unsigned long displaymode;
  unsigned long unk_12C;
  unsigned long stampland; 
  signed long landyvel;    
  unsigned long zindex;    
  unsigned long event;     
  signed long camzoom;     
  unsigned long approachyz;
  signed long hotspotclip; 
  signed long unk_14C;
  unsigned long unk_150;  
  unsigned long unk_154;
  signed long node;
  unsigned long memory[0x40];
};

Field Information

Header

The header field determines whether the object is free, existing, or a list handle:

Value	Type	Description
0	Free Object	An empty or previously terminated object that doesn't actually exist in the game. It has been placed into a 'free object pool' until created or spawned into existence.
1	Existing Object	An actual object 'in use' by the game and created or spawned into existence from a free object.
2	List Handle Object	Not an actual object; used only to point to the head object in a list of (children) objects.

Process Type or List Head

• When the object is a List Handle, this field points to the head object in its referenced list.
• When the object is not a List Handle, this field is set to 3 after it is successfully created or spawned.
  • note: after successful spawning, this field is actually set to the source entity's proctype. However, all entities appear to have a proctype of 3 (not confirmed**).

Bounding Box

An object's bounding box specifies the rectangular region of 3-dimensional space which it occupies. It encompasses the geometry rendered for the object's current frame of animation. It is specified by the 3-dimensional fixed-point coordinates of its upper left and lower right points relative to the object's location (which is typically positioned at the center point of the object's animation frame model), and is recalculated for each change in frame of animation.

Fields at offsets 0x8, 0xC, and 0x10, respectively, specify the relative x, y, and z coordinates of the object's upper left bounding box point. Fields at offsets 0x14, 0x18, and 0x1C, respectively, specify the relative x, y, and z coordinates of the object's lower right bounding box point.

Other fields...

TODO

Status Flags A

This field is the first bitfield in a sequence of 3 object status flag bitfields

Bit	Indication/Purpose	Additional
1 0x1	object has been stopped by solid ground
2 0x2	?
3 0x4	0 = object is progressing forward along its path 1 = object is progressing backward along its path	path traveling objects only
4 0x8	0 = object was rotating counter-clockwise 1 = object was rotating clockwise	rotating objects only
5 0x10	object is transitioning from travelling forward to backward/vice versa along its path	path travelling objects only
6 0x20	object has changed animation [i.e. first frame of animation]	state change also assumes change in animation by setting this
7 0x40	?
8 0x80	object has been hit from the bottom	set when collision check does not pass?
9 0x100	object is moving and not stopped by a wall
10 0x200	overrides the effect of displacement caused when bits 7 and 16 of status flags b are set, allowing the object to remain stationary
11 0x400	set when colliding with an octree node and it triggers event
12 0x800	cleared when spinning or changing direction, reset by sub_243A0
13 0x1000	object has a collider [collider = object that collides with the object's bound volume, specifically after it is clipped of hotspotclip units from each of its faces]	this bit tested by an object's GOOL code to determine whether another object [i.e. crash] collides with it, so it can send the 'kill' event (0x300)
14 0x2000	object is hitting a bounce box (for setting a higher acceleration)
15 0x4000	collider is crash
16 0x8000	object's bounding box needs recalculating
17 0x10000	?	recipient process sets this bit when sent event 'crushed by boulder (and ?)' (0x1800, 0x1900)
18 0x20000	object has changed state
19 0x40000	object is on the ground
20 0x80000	?	boxes set this at the end of their init routine
21 0x100000	set right after bounce from box/enemy?
22 0x200000	object is a solid object (or supported by a solid object?)
23 to 32	?

Status Flags B

This field is the second bitfield in a sequence of 3 object status flag bitfields

Bit	Indication/Purpose	Additional
1 0x1	object rotates in XZ plane based on target rot angle (cleared during spin?)
2 0x2	object rotates in XZ plane and approaches the opposite direction when travelling backwards along its path (i.e. spins 180 degrees when reaching either end of its path)	for path travelling objects; bit 3 must be set for this to take effect
3 0x4	auto rotate mode 0 = auto banking along curves is outward 1 = a) auto banking along curves is inward b) object rotates in XZ plane to face the direction of its path (if bit 2 is set, the object will additionally 'reverse' this direction when travelling its path backwards)	path curve auto banking does not take effect unless bit 12 is set
4 0x8	0 = object position is only affected by velocity 1 = object is stopped by solid surfaces: floor, ceiling, walls, and tops/bottoms and sides of solid objects	**NOTE: see bit 7
5 0x10	object is collide-able (records space occupied by object and pointer to object in a pair during this frame)
6 0x20	object y velocity is affected by gravity
7 0x40	object displacement is handled by the physics engine: if bit 4 = 0: displacement is handled by only adding velocity to location (ex. of this is when enemies are killed and spun off into the distance); effect of this may be overridden if bit 10 of status flags a is set and object assumes the ground is at its initial y location (see bit 16) if bit 4 = 1: displacement is handled with the main collision routine (Crash object is the only object to ever have bit 4 set)	bit 7 also allows bit 13, 15, and 16 to take effect when bit 7 is clear, object displacement should be handled manually by the object's GOOL code
8 0x80	object [speed, velocity, and angular velocity] is controlled with the controller
9 0x100	object does not render	ex. HUD offscreen, dying in water
10 0x200	object is 2 dimensional
11 0x400	text object has a backdrop
12 0x800	object auto banks along path curves	path traveling objects only
13 0x1000	object has air resistance? (causes angvelocity to act as a velocity cap on both pos and neg velocities of its [absolute] value)
14 0x2000	object rotates in YZ plane to approach its target rot angle
15 0x4000	object treats XZ plane at Y given by field groundy as solid ground
16 0x8000	object assumes the ground is at, and field groundy is set to, its initial y location	NOTE: object is not effectively 'stopped' at the ground without bits 7 and 15 set
17 0x10000	object is solid at the sides
18 0x20000	object is solid at the top?
19 0x40000	disable frustum culling?
20 0x80000	object optionally rotates in XZ plane to approach its target rot angle
21 0x100000	object is shaded based on its parent zone, using the zone's color matrices
22 0x200000	?
23 0x400000	overrides an initial test in determining the highest object below the source? adds an additional 0x19000 in ground offset calculation?	guess: stacked object
24 0x800000	?
25 0x1000000	object can not be terminated
26 0x2000000	always display and animate object
27 0x4000000	?
28 0x8000000	?
29 0x10000000	object waits a number of frames until its next animation change/code block burst: may take precedence over 'wait' value from most recent suspending frame primitive (i.e. GOOL ANIM operation)	also prevents the object from changing state
30 0x20000000	?
31 0x40000000
32 0x80000000	object is solid at the bottom?	forces more elaborate screen culling check (based on object projected 2d area rather than projected 2d midpt)